State: Minimal, Developmental, And Totalitarian

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11.6.2014 0 yorum 1329 okuma

In this paper, I am going to examine the main functions of minimal, developmental, and totalitarian states. As different types of states, each of these states is associated with different roles. Minimal state determines the general concepts of order within the society. Developmental state encourages growths in industry, economy and so on. Totalitarian state restricts the voice of people and civil society.

Minimal State:
As we can understand from its meaning, minimal state has minimum functions. It provides just basic functions in the society. It is the dream of Classic Liberals advancing a negative view of the state. The position of state in minimal is just a protective body. In accordance with the famous definition of Locke, the state acts as a "night watchman", whose services are called upon only when orderly existence is threatened (Locke: 2006 from Aktan's Devlet, p.133). Hence, the three basic functions of minimal state are:

¶ Minimal state has to maintain domestic order in the society.
¶ Minimal state has to protect the country from enemies, and protect properties of citizens.
¶ Minimal state has to solve conflicts and approve agreements made between people.

Developmental State:
A developmental state intervenes in economic life with the specific purposes of promoting industrial growth and economic development (Heywood: 2007, p. 100). Here, state has an important position for developing the country. The best example is the Meiji Period in Japan from 1868 to 1912. It is sometimes called the “Period of Enlightened Rule” because of the major reforms in Japanese law, society, government, and economics that occurred during Meiji's reign. In order to transform the agrarian economy of Japan into a developed industrial one, many Japanese scholars were sent abroad by the state to study Western science and languages. The transportation and communication networks were improved by means of large state investments. The state also directly supported the prospering of businesses and industries, especially the large and powerful family businesses. Due to the effort of Meiji and the state, Japan has been one of the developed countries in the world.

Totalitarian State:
Totalitarian state is very different from others because it is the most extreme form of intervention. There are some aspects of totalitarian state. One of them is to abolish private life. Economic activities, developments, education, religion, family, etc are controlled by the state. Also, there is no place for civil society in totalitarian state. The best examples are Hitler's Germany and Stalin's USSR or recently Saddam Hussein's Iraq. Both of these leaders eradicated civil society, diminished liberties and restricted private life. However, after these people, everything went wrong. Hence, the reason why totalitarian state and its controllers are not loved by citizens is because of "diminished liberties and silenced civil society". They are just the basic examples for introducing totalitarian state.

All in all, the roles of states depend on which type of they have. Minimal states merely decide the conditions for orderly existence. Developmental states promote growth and economic development. Totalitarian states encompass intervention, and extinguish civil society.

In my view, as Schwarzmantel said, "State should be the servant of the society; not its master". (Schwarzmantel: 1994 from Heywood's Politics p. 94)

______________________________________________________________________________
? Aktan, Çoşkun Can (2006) En az Devlet; En iyi Devlet, Çizgi Press, page 133
? Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, Third Edition, Palgrave Foundations, page 100 and 94

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State: Minimal, Developmental, And Totalitarian

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